Setiap laboratorium menentukan nilai
‘normal’, yang ditunjukkan pada kolom ‘Nilai Rujukan’ atau ‘Nilai Normal’ pada
laporan laboratorium.
Determination
|
Reference Value
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Conventional units)
|
(SI units)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Blood, Plasma or Serum:
Ammonia (NH3) – diffusion
|
20–120
mcg/dl
|
12–70
mcmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ammonia
Nitrogen
|
15–45
µg/dl
|
11–32
µmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amylase
|
35–118
IU/L
|
0.58–1.97
mckat/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anion gap (Na+-[Cl - + HCO3-]) (P)
|
7–16 mEq/L
|
7–16
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Antithrombin
III (AT III)
|
80–120
U/dl
|
800–1200
U/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
21–28
mEq/L
22–29 mEq/L |
21–28
mmol/L
22–29
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bilirubin:
Conjugated (direct) Total
|
£ 0.2
mg/dl
(0.1–1 mg/dl) |
£ 4
mcmol/L
(2–18 mcmol/L) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Calcitonin
|
< 100
pg/ml
|
< 100
ng/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
8.6–10.3
mg/dl
4.4–5.1
mg/dl
|
2.2–2.74
mmol/L
1–1.3
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carbon
dioxide content (plasma)
|
21–32
mmol/L
|
21–32
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carcinoembryonic
antigen
|
< 3
ng/ml
|
< 3
mcg/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chloride
|
95–110
mEq/L
|
95–110
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coagulation screen:
Bleeding
time
Prothrombin time
Partial
thromboplastin time (activated)
Protein C
Protein S
|
3–9.5 min
10–13 sec
22–37 sec
0.7–1.4
µ/ml
0.7–1.4
µ/ml
|
180–570
sec
10–13 sec
22–37 sec
700–1400
U/ml
700–1400
U/ml
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Copper,
total
|
70–160
mcg/dl
|
11–25
mcmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corticotropin
(ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone) – 0800 hr |
< 60
pg/ml
|
< 13.2
pmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
5–30
mcg/dl
2–15 mcg/dl
£ 50% of
0800 hr
|
138–810
nmol/L
50–410
nmol/L
£ 50% of
0800 hr
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
20–170
IU/L
30–220
IU/L
|
0.33–2.83
mckat/L
0.5–3.67 mckat/L |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Creatinine
kinase isoenzymes, MB fraction
|
0–12 IU/L
|
0–0.2
mckat/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Creatinine
|
0.5–1.7
mg/dl
|
44–150
mcmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fibrinogen
(coagulation factor I)
|
150–360
mg/dl
|
1.5–3.6
g/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):
Female
Midcycle
Male
|
2–13
mlU/ml
5–22
mlU/ml
1–8 mlU/ml |
2–13 IU/L
5–22 IU/L
1–8 IU/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Glucose,
fasting
|
65–115
mg/dl
|
3.6–6.3
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Glucose Tolerance Test (Oral)
Fasting
60 min
90 min
120 min
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
(g)
-Glutamyltransferase (GGT):
Male
Female
|
9–50
units/L
8–40 units/L |
9–50
units/L
8–40
units/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Haptoglobin
|
44–303
mg/dl
|
0.44–3.03
g/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Determination
|
Reference Value
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conventional units
|
SI units
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hematologic tests:
Fibrinogen
Hematocrit (Hct),
female
male
Hemoglobin A 1C
Hemoglobin (Hb),
female
male
Leukocyte count (WBC)
Erythrocyte count (RBC): female
male
Mean
corpuscular volume (MCV)
Mean
corpuscular hemoglobin
(MCH)
Mean
corpuscular hemoglobin
concentrate
(MCHC)
Erythrocyte
sedimentation rate
(sedrate,
ESR)
|
200–400
mg/dl
36%-44.6%
40.7%-50.3%
5.3%-7.5%
of total Hgb
12.1–15.3
g/dl
13.8–17.5
g/dl
3800–9800/mcl
3.5–5 x 106/mcl
4.3–5.9 x 106/mcl
80–97.6 mcm3
27–33
pg/cell
33–36 g/dl
£30 mm/hr
|
2–4 g/L
0.36–0.446
fraction of 1
0.4–0.503
fraction of 1
0.053–0.075
121–153
g/L
138–175
g/L
3.8–9.8 x 109/L
3.5–5 x 1012/L
4.3–5.9 x 1012/L
80–97.6 fl
1.66–2.09
fmol/cell
20.3–22
mmol/L
£ 30 mm/hr
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Erythrocyte enzymes:
Glucose-6
-
Pphosphate dehydrognase
(G-6-PD)
Ferritin
Folic acid: normal
Platelet
count
Reticulocytes
Vitamin B12
|
250–5000 units/106cells
10–383
ng/ml
>3.1–12.4
ng/ml
150–450 x 103/mcl
0.5%-1.5%
of erythrocytes
223–1132
pg/ml
|
250–5000
mcunits/cell
23–862
pmol/L
7–28.1
nmol/L
150–450 x 109/L
0.005–0.015
165–835
pmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
30–160
mcg/dl
45–160
mcg/dl
|
5.4–31.3
mcmol/L
8.1–31.3
mcmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Iron
binding capacity
|
220–420
mcg/dl
|
39.4–75.2
mcmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isocitrate
dehydrogenase
|
1.2–7
units/L
|
1.2–7
units/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isoenzymes
Fraction 1
Fraction 2
Fraction 3
Fraction 4
Fraction 5
|
14%-26% of
total
29%-39% of
total
20%-26% of
total
8%-16% of
total
6%-16% of
total
|
0.14–0.26
fraction of total
0.29–0.39
fraction of total
0.20–0.26 fraction of total
0.08–0.16
fraction of total
0.06–0.16
fraction of total
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lactate
dehydrogenase
|
100–250
IU/L
|
1.67–4.17
mckat/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lactic
acid (lactate)
|
6–19 mg/dl
|
0.7–2.1
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lead
|
£ 50
mcg/dl
|
£ 2.41
mcmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lipase
|
10–150
units/L
|
10–150
units/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lipids:
Total
Cholesterol
Desirable
Borderline-high
High
LDL
Desirable
Borderline-high
High
HDL (low)
Triglycerides
Desirable
Borderline-high
High
Very high
|
< 200
mg/dl
200–239
mg/dl
> 239
mg/dl
< 130
mg/dl
130–159
mg/dl
> 159
mg/dl
< 35
mg/dl
< 200
mg/dl
200–400
mg/dl
400–1000
mg/dl
> 1000
mg/dl
|
< 5.2
mmol/L
<
5.2–6.2 mmol/L
> 6.2
mmol/L
< 3.36
mmol/L
3.36–4.11
mmol/L
> 4.11
mmol/L
< 0.91
mmol/L
< 2.26
mmol/L
2.26–4.52
mmol/L
4.52–11.3
mmol/L
> 11.3
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Magnesium
|
1.3–2.2
mEq/L
|
0.65–1.1
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Osmolality
|
280–300
mOsm/kg
|
280–300
mmol/kg
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oxygen
saturation (arterial)
|
94%-100%
|
0.94 –
fraction of 1
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
PCO2, arterial
|
35–45 mm
Hg
|
4.7–6 kPa
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
pH,
arterial
|
7.35–7.45
|
7.35–7.45
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Determination
|
Reference Value
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conventional units
|
SI units
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
PO,
arterial: Breathing room air
On 100% O
|
80–105 mm
Hg
> 500
mm Hg
|
10.6–14
kPa
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phosphatase
(acid), total at 37°C
|
0.13–0.63
IU/L
|
2.2–10.5
IU/L or
2.2–10.5
mckat/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phosphatase
alkaline
|
20–130
IU/L
|
20–130
IU/L or
0.33–2.17
mckat/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phosphorus,
inorganic, (phosphate)
|
2.5–5
mg/dl
|
0.8–1.6
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Potassium
|
3.5–5
mEq/L
|
3.5–5
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Progesterone
Female
Follicular
phase
Luteal
phase
Male
|
0.1–1.5
ng/ml
0.1–1.5
ng/ml
2.5–28 ng/ml
< 0.5
ng/ml
|
0.32–4.8
nmol/L
0.32–4.8
nmol/L
8–89
nmol/L
< 1.6
nmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prolactin
|
1.4–24.2
ng/ml
|
1.4–24.2
mcg/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prostate specific antigen
Protein: Total
Albumin
Globulin
|
0–4 ng/ml
6–8 g/dl
3.6–5 g/dl
2.3–3.5
g/dl
|
0–4 ng/ml
60–80 g/L
36–50 g/L
23–35 g/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rheumatoid
factor
|
< 60
IU/ml
|
< 60
kIU/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sodium
|
135–147
mEq/L
|
135–147
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Testosterone:
Female
Male
|
6–86 ng/dl
270–1070
ng/dl
|
0.21–3
nmol/L
9.3–37
nmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thyroid Hormone Function Tests:
Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH)
Thyroxine-binding
globulin capacity
Total triiodothyronine (T3)
Total thyroxine by RIA (T4)
T3 resin uptake |
0.35–6.2
mcU/ml
10–26
mcg/dl
75–220
ng/dl
4–11
mcg/dl
25%-38% |
0.35–6.2
mU/L
100–260
mcg/L
1.2–3.4
nmol/L
51–142
nmol/L
0.25–0.38
fraction of 1
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaminase,
AST (aspartate aminotransferase, SGOT)
|
11–47 IU/L
|
0.18–0.78
mckat/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaminase,
ALT (alanine aminotransferase, SGPT)
|
7–53 IU/L
|
0.12–0.88
mckat/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transferrin
|
220–400
mg/dL
|
2.20–4.00
g/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Urea
nitrogen (BUN)
|
8–25 mg/dl
|
2.9–8.9
mmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Uric acid
|
3–8 mg/dl
|
179–476
mcmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vitamin A
(retinol)
|
15–60
mcg/dl
|
0.52–2.09
mcmol/L
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Zinc
|
50–150
mcg/dl
|
7.7–23
mcmol/L
|
1 Tergantung pada usia
2 Bayi dan anak sampai 104 U/L
3 Bayi usia 1 tahun sampai 6 mg/dl
Urine
|
||
Determination
|
Reference Value
|
|
Conventional units
|
SI units
|
|
Calcium
|
50–250
mcg/day
|
1.25–6.25
mmol/day
|
Catecholamines:
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
|
< 20
mcg/day
< 100
mcg/day
|
< 109
nmol/day
< 590
nmol/day
|
Catecholamines,
24-hr
|
< 110
µg
|
< 650
nmol
|
Copper
|
15–60
mcg/day
|
0.24–0.95
mcmol/day
|
Creatinine:
Child
Adolescent
Female
Male |
8–22 mg/kg
8–30 mg/kg
0.6–1.5
g/day
0.8–1.8
g/day
|
71–195
µmol/kg
71–265 µmol/kg
5.3–13.3
mmol/day
7.1–15.9
mmol/day
|
pH
|
4.5–8
|
4.5–8
|
Phosphate
|
0.9–1.3
g/day
|
29–42
mmol/day
|
Potassium
|
25–100
mEq/day
|
25–100
mmol/day
|
Protein
Total
At rest
|
1–14 mg/dL
50–80
mg/day
|
10–140
mg/L
50–80
mg/day
|
Protein,
quantitative
|
< 150
mg/day
|
< 0.15
g/day
|
Sodium
|
100–250
mEq/day
|
100–250
mmol/day
|
Specific
gravity, random
|
1.002–1.030
|
1.002–1.030
|
Uric acid,
24-hr
|
250–750 mg
|
1.48–4.43
mmol
|
1 Tergantung pada diet.
Drug Levels*
|
|||
Drug Determination
|
Reference Value
|
||
Conventional units
|
SI units
|
||
Aminoglycosides
|
Amikacin
(trough)
(peak)
|
1–8 mcg/ml
1.7–13.7
mcmol/L
|
20–30
mcg/ml
34–51 mcmol/L |
Gentamicin
(trough)
(peak)
|
0.5–2
mcg/ml
6–10
mcg/ml
|
1–4.2
mcmol/L
12.5–20.9
mcmol/L
|
|
Kanamycin
(trough)
(peak)
|
5–10
mcg/ml
20–25 mcg/ml |
nd
nd
|
|
Netilimicin
(trough)
(peak)
|
0.5–2
mcg/ml
6–10 mcg/ml |
nd
nd
|
|
Streptomycin
(trough)
(peak)
|
< 5
mcg/ml
5–20 mcg/ml |
nd
nd
|
|
Tobramycin
(trough)
(peak)
|
0.5–2
mcg/ml
5–20 mcg/ml |
1.1–4.3
mcmol/L
12.8–21.8
mcmol/L
|
|
Drug Determination
|
Reference Value
|
||
Conventional units
|
SI units
|
||
Antiarrhythmics
|
Amiodarone
|
0.5–2.5
mcg/ml
|
1.5–4
mcmol/L
|
Bretylium
|
0.5–1.5
mcg/ml
|
nd
|
|
Digitoxin
|
9–25 mcg/L
|
11.8–32.8
nmol/L
|
|
Digoxin
|
0.8–2
ng/ml
|
0.9–2.5
nmol/L
|
|
Disopyramide
|
2–8 mcg/ml
|
6–18
mcmol/L
|
|
Flecainide
|
0.2–1
mcg/ml
|
nd
|
|
Lidocaine
|
1.5–6
mcg/ml
|
4.5–21.5
mcmol/L
|
|
Mexiletine
|
0.5–2
mcg/ml
|
nd
|
|
Procainamide
|
4–8 mcg/ml
|
17–34
mcmol/ml
|
|
Propranolol
|
50–200
ng/ml
|
190–770
nmol/L
|
|
Quinidine
|
2–6 mcg/ml
|
4.6–9.2
mcmol/L
|
|
Tocainide
|
4–10
mcg/ml
|
nd
|
|
Verapamil
|
0.08–0.3
mcg/ml
|
nd
|
|
Anticonvulsants
|
Carbamazepine
|
4–12
mcg/ml
|
17–51
mcmol/L
|
Phenobarbital
|
10–40
mcg/ml
|
43–172
mcmol/L
|
|
Phenytoin
|
10–20
mcg/ml
|
40–80
mcmol/L
|
|
Primidone
|
4–12
mcg/ml
|
18–55
mcmol/L
|
|
Valproic
Acid
|
40–100
mcg/ml
|
280–700
mcmol/L
|
|
Antidepressants
|
Amitriptyline
|
110–250
ng/ml
|
500–900
nmol/L
|
Amoxapine
|
200–500
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Bupropion
|
25–100
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Clomipramine
|
80–100
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Desipramine
|
115–300
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Doxepin
|
110–250
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Imipramine
|
225–350
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Maprotiline
|
200–300
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Nortriptyline
|
50–150
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Protriptyline
|
70–250
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Trazodone
|
800–1600
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Antipsychotics
|
Chlorpromazine
|
50–300
ng/ml
|
150–950
nmol/L
|
Fluphenazine
|
0.13–2.8
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Haloperidol
|
5–20 ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Perphenazine
|
0.8–1.2
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Thiothixene
|
2–57 ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Drug Determination
|
Reference Value
|
||
Conventional units
|
SI units
|
||
Miscellaneous
|
Amantadine
Amrinone
|
300 ng/ml
3.7 mcg/ml
|
nd
nd
|
Chloramphenicol
|
10–20
mcg/ml
|
31–62
mcmol/L
|
|
Cyclosporine
|
250–800
ng/ml
(whole
blood, RIA)
50–300 ng/ml (plasma, RIA) |
nd
nd
|
|
Ethanol
|
0 mg/dl
|
0 mmol/L
|
|
Hydralazine
|
100 ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Lithium
|
0.6–1.2 mEq/L
|
0.6–1.2
mmol/L
|
|
Salicylate
|
100–300
mg/L
|
724–2172
mcmol/L
|
|
Sulfonamide
|
5–15 mg/dl
|
nd
|
|
Terbutaline
|
0.5–4.1
ng/ml
|
nd
|
|
Theophylline
|
10–20
mcg/ml
|
55–110
mcmol/L
|
|
Vancomycin
(trough)
(peak)
|
5–15 ng/ml
20–40 mcg/ml |
nd
nd
|
* Nilai yang diberikan secara umum dapat digunakan untuk terapi tanpa
terjadi efek toksik pada kebanyakan pasien, Namun pengecualian juga tidak
jarang terjadi.
1 nd = data tidak tersedia.
2 Metabolit N-desmethyl beserta
turunannya.
3 Nilai 24 jam.
4 Toksik: 50–100 mg/dl (10.9–21.7
mmol/L).
Diambil dari The Joint National Committee on
Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure,
National Institutes of Health.
Classification of Blood Pressure *
|
|||
Category
|
Reference value
|
||
Systolic (mm Hg)
|
Diastolic (mm Hg)
|
||
Optimal
|
< 120
|
and
|
< 80
|
Normal
|
< 130
|
and
|
< 85
|
High-normal
|
130–139
|
or
|
85–89
|
Hypertension
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
|
140–159
160–179
³ 180
|
or
or
or
|
90–99
100–109
³ 110
|
* Untuk dewasa berusia 18 atau lebih yang tidak dalam pengobatan anti
hipertensi dan tidak dalam kondisi akut. Ketika tekanan sistole dan diastole
masuk ke dalam kategori lain, maka kategori di atasnya harus dipilih untuk
menentukan klasifikasi status tekanan darah penderita. Sebagai tambahan dalam
menentukan stadium hipertensi, seorang praktisi medis harus menentukan ada atau
tidaknya penyakit pada target organ serta faktor resiko lainnya.
1 Tekanan darah yang optimal
terhadap resiko kardiovaskular adalah dibawah 120/88 m Hg. Namun demikian,
nilai rendah yang tidak wajar harus dievaluasi untuk menemukan kelainan klinis
yang signifikan.
2 Berdasarkan atas pembacaan
sebanyak 2 kali atau lebih pada pemeriksaan awal.
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